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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">meat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Theory and practice of meat processing</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Теория и практика переработки мяса</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2414-438X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2414-441X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова» РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21323/2414-438X-2017-2-4-35-43</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">meat-77</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>STUDY ON DECREASE OF NITRITE AND NITRATE USAGE IN PROCESSED MEAT WITH ADDITION OF NATURAL SALT AND CARBON MONOXIDE</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПО СНИЖЕНИЮ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ НИТРИТА И НИТРАТА В МЯСНЫХ ПРОДУКТАХ ПРИ ДОБАВЛЕНИИ НАТУРАЛЬНОЙ СОЛИ И МОНООКСИДА УГЛЕРОДА</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саката</surname><given-names>Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakata</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саката Риочи — профессор, Лаборатория науки о пище.</p><p>Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252–5201, teл.: +81–42–754–71–11</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sakata@azabu-u.ac.jp</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Такеда</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Takeda</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Такеда Широ — Адьюнкт-профессор, Лаборатория науки о пище.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s-takeda@azabu-u.ac.jp</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вага</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Waga</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вага Масахиро— Ph.D, помощник руководителя отдела технического управления, производственный дивизион, корпорация.</p><p>Meguro, Tokyo 153–8587, teл. +81–3–572–60–98</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">masahiro.waga@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт ветеринарной медицины, Университет Азабу</institution><country>Япония</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University</institution><country>Japan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт ветеринарной медицины, Университет Азабу; Itoham Foods</institution><country>Япония</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University; Itoham Foods</institution><country>Japan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>01</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Sakata R., Takeda S., Waga M., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Саката Р., Такеда С., Вага М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sakata R., Takeda S., Waga M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.meatjournal.ru/jour/article/view/77">https://www.meatjournal.ru/jour/article/view/77</self-uri><abstract><p>This study was carried out to examine the reddening of meat products due to the addition of natural yellow salt (YS) and carbon monoxide (CO). Following YS or NaCl addition at 2% to pork subsequent to nitrite (0~100 ppm) treatment, color development due to this addition was analyzed optically. Heme pigment content in the meat was also determined spectrophotometrically. YS was found to bring about greater reddening than NaCl, indicating residual nitrite and nitrate content to be significantly higher in meat containing YS, through the amount of either was quite small. The nitrite itself in YS could never explain the color formation by the YS. Because the YS included not only nitrite but also nitrate, the effects of nitrate on the color stability of cooked cured pork were examined. Nitrate inhibited the nitrite decrement and discoloration in the cooked cured ham. The degradation rate of nitrite was clearly found to decrease with nitric acid content. Nitrate does not appear to serve as a donor of nitrite, but rather inhibits nitrite reduction in cooked meat products, with consequent prolongation of color stability. Nitrate, observed in many rock salt and also in this case, could enhance the color formation. CO treatment of pork caused the formation of carboxy myoglobin (COMb) with consequent reddening of the meat. COMb was shown to be heat-stable and form stably at pH 5.0 to 8.0 and to be extractable with water, but was barely extractable at all with acetone. Nitric oxide was found to have greater affinity toward myoglobin (Mb) than CO. Nitrosyl Mb was noted to be stable in all meat products examined. CO was seen to be capable of controlling the extent of lipid oxidation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Исследование проводилось с целью изучения изменений цветовых характеристик мясных продуктов за счет добавления натуральной желтой соли (YS) и монооксида углерода (СО). После обработки свинины нитритом натрия в количестве от 0 до 100 ppm, добавляли YS или NaCl в количестве 2% и анализировали оптическим методом изменение цвета. Cодержание пигмента гема в мясе также определяли оптическим (спектрофотометрическим) методом. Было обнаружено, что YS приводит к формированию более выраженного красного цвета по сравнению с NaCl, что указывает на то, что содержание остаточного нитрита и нитрата в мясных продуктах, содержащим YS, значительно выше, хотя их количество в YS довольно невысокое. Присутствие нитрита в YS не может объяснить эффект YS при формирования цвета. Поскольку YS содержит не только нитрит, но и нитрат, то исследовали также влияние нитрата на стабильность цвета вареных продуктов из свинины. Нитрат предотвращал снижение концентрации нитрита и  потерю цвета вареной соленой ветчины. Было обнаружено, что скорость снижения уровня нитрита уменьшается с увеличением содержания азотной кислоты. Нитрат, по-видимому, не является донором нитрита, и препятствует восстановлению нитрита в вареных мясных продуктах и, следовательно, улучшает стабильность цвета. Нитрат, содержащийся во многих сортах каменной соли, как и в нашем случае, может улучшить формирование цвета. Обработка свинины монооксидом углерода (СО) вызывала образование карбоксимиоглобина (COMb) с последующим формированием красного цвета мяса. Было показано, что COMb стабильно образуется при рН от 5,0 до 8,0, является термоустойчивым, может быть экстрагирован водой, но практически не экстрагируется ацетоном. Также было обнаружено, что оксид азота более тесно связан с миоглобином (Mb), чем СО. Отмечено, что во всех исследуемых мясных продуктах нитрозил-миоглобин является стабильным. Показано также, что монооксид углерода может влиять на степень окисления липидов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цветовая стабильность карбоксимиоглобина</kwd><kwd>ингредиенты для посола</kwd><kwd>натуральная соль</kwd><kwd>нитрат</kwd><kwd>нитрит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>carboxyl myoglobin color stability</kwd><kwd>curing agent</kwd><kwd>natural salt</kwd><kwd>nitrate</kwd><kwd>nitrite</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Д-р M. Motoyama, NARO, Япония; г-н Y Miki и г-жа M. Kaneko, выпускники Университета Азабу, Япония</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Dr. M Motoyama, NARO, Japan); Mr. Y Miki and Miss M Kaneko, the latter two are graduates of the Azabu University, Japan</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mancini, R.A., Hunt, M.C. (2005). 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