<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">meat</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Theory and practice of meat processing</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Теория и практика переработки мяса</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2414-438X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2414-441X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова» РАН</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21323/2414-438X-2017-2-2-4-13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">meat-60</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>INULIN AS A PREBIOTIC AND FAT REPLACER IN MEAT PRODUCTS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ИНУЛИН КАК ПРЕБИОТИК И ЗАМЕНИТЕЛЬ ЖИРА В МЯСНЫХ ПРОДУКТАХ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Василев</surname><given-names>Драган</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilev</surname><given-names>Dragan</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>адъюнкт-профессор, Факультет ветеринарной медицины</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vasilevd@vet.bg.ac.rs</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джёрджевич</surname><given-names>Весна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Djordjević</surname><given-names>Vesna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Research Associate</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vesna.djordjevic@inmes.rs</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карабасил</surname><given-names>Неджелько</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karabasil</surname><given-names>Nedjeljko</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>адъюнкт-профессор, факультет ветеринарной медицины</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nedja@vet.bg.ac.rs</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Димитриевич</surname><given-names>Мирьяна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dimitrijević</surname><given-names>Mirjana</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>адъюнкт-профессор, факультет ветеринарной медицины</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mirjana@vet.bg.ac.rs</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрович</surname><given-names>Зоран</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrović</surname><given-names>Zoran</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Associate</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zoran.petrovic@inmes.rs</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Велебит</surname><given-names>Бранко</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Velebit</surname><given-names>Branko</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Research Associate</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">branko.velebit@inmes.rs</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Теодорович</surname><given-names>Владо</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Teodorović</surname><given-names>Vlado</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Full professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vteodorovic@vet.bg.ac.rs</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Белградский Университет<country>Чехословакия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">University of Belgrade- Faculty of veterinary medicine<country>Czechoslovakia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт гигиены и технологии мяса<country>Чехословакия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of meat hygiene and technology<country>Czechoslovakia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Белградский Университет<country>Чехословакия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">University of Belgrade-Faculty of veterinary medicine.<country>Czechoslovakia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт гигиены и технологии мяса<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institue of meat hygiene and technology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Vasilev D., Djordjević V., Karabasil N., Dimitrijević M., Petrović Z., Velebit B., Teodorović V., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Василев Д., Джёрджевич В., Карабасил Н., Димитриевич М., Петрович З., Велебит Б., Теодорович В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vasilev D., Djordjević V., Karabasil N., Dimitrijević M., Petrović Z., Velebit B., Teodorović V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.meatjournal.ru/jour/article/view/60">https://www.meatjournal.ru/jour/article/view/60</self-uri><abstract><p>Fat reduction in meat products is demanded by consumers concerninghealth issues but represents a serious challenge for meat industry as fatty tissue plays an important role for the products properties. Because of that, a special attention is paid to the substances that could replace fatty tissue in meat products. Inulin represents a non digestible fructooligosaccharide that on the one hand represents a good prebiotic substance and from the other hand posses such technological propeties that make it a good fat replacer. In  aqueous systems inulin forms a gel having a structure similar to fats, it has neutral taste and smell and have no impact on the aroma of meat products. Inulin could be added to meat products in form of powder as well as a water suspension. Low fat fermented sausages with good sensory quality could be produced with the addition of inulin as a fat replacer, and such products have abit lower pH- and aw-value and contain a higher number of lactic acid bacteria then conventional products. In heat treated sausages, inulin improves water holding capacity and stability of the low fat meat batter, which reduces cooking loss and shows no adverse effect on the sensory properties of the low fat product. But, there are also certain limitations because it should be paid attention to the degree of polymerization as well as the amount of inulin added the product. Otherwise, on the one hand there could be some adverse effectson sensory properties of the product and from the other hand an excessive amount of inulin could lead to digestive problems by consumers.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Повышение интереса потребителей к здоровому питанию способствует увеличению спроса на мясную продукцию с пониженным содержанием жира, что ставит сложнуюзадачу перед специалистами мясной промышленности, связанную с важной ролью жировой ткани в формировании потребительских характеристик. В этой связи,особое внимание уделяется веществам, которые могут заменить жировую ткань в мясопродуктах. Инулин является неперевариваемым фруктоолигосахаридом, которыйс одной стороны представляет собой пребиотик, а с другой — обладает технологическими свойствами, которые позволяют имитировать жир в продукте. При гидратации инулин формирует гель, имеющий структуру, схожую с жирами, он имеет нейтральный вкус и запах, и не оказывает влияния на аромат мясопродуктов. Инулин вносят при изготовлении мясной продукции в форме порошка или в предварительно гидратированном виде. Ферментированные колбасы с пониженным содержанием жира, изготовленные с добавлением инулина, имеют более низкие уровни рНи активности воды (aw), и содержат больше молочнокислых бактерий по сравнению с традиционными продуктами. В термообработанных колбасах, инулин улучшаетвлагоудерживающую способность и стабильность мясного фарша, что позволяет сократить потери при термообработке и не ухудшить органолептические свойства продукта с низким содержанием жира. Но вместе с тем, существуют особенности, которые необходимо принимать во внимание в случае использования инулина — это его количество, добавляемое в продукт и степень полимеризации. Избыточное количество инулина может оказать негативное влияние на сенсорные свойства продукта, а также привести к проблемам с пищеварением.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инулин</kwd><kwd>мясные продукты с низким содержанием жира</kwd><kwd>пребиотик</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>inulin</kwd><kwd>low-fat meat products</kwd><kwd>fat replacer</kwd><kwd>prebiotic</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saicic, S. Fatty acids and cholesterol content in certain meat products from the national market/ S. Saicic, D. Trbovic, D. Vranic, S. Jankovic, S. Stefanovic, R. Petronijevic // Meat Technology. — 2010. — V. 51. — № 1. — P. 52–59.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saicic, S. Fatty acids and cholesterol content in certain meat products from the national market/ S. Saicic, D. Trbovic, D. Vranic, S. Jankovic, S. Stefanovic, R. Petronijevic // Meat Technology. — 2010. — V. 51. — № 1. — P. 52–59.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasilev, D. Qualität und Nährwert von mit Inulin und Erbsenfasern als Fettgewebe-Ersatzstoffe hergestellten Rohwürsten / D. Vasilev, S. Saicic, N. Vasiljevic// Fleischwirtschaft. — 2013. — V. 93. — № 3. — P. 123–127.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasilev, D. Qualität und Nährwert von mit Inulin und Erbsenfasern als Fettgewebe-Ersatzstoffe hergestellten Rohwürsten / D. Vasilev, S. Saicic, N. Vasiljevic// Fleischwirtschaft. — 2013. — V. 93. — № 3. — P. 123–127.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jimenez-Colmenero, F. Healthier meat and meat products: their role as functional foods/ F. Jimenez-Colmenero, J. Carballo, S. Cofrades // Meat Science. — 2001. — V. 59. — № 1. — P. 5–13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jimenez-Colmenero, F. Healthier meat and meat products: their role as functional foods/ F. Jimenez-Colmenero, J. Carballo, S. Cofrades // Meat Science. — 2001. — V. 59. — № 1. — P. 5–13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jimenez-Colmenero, F. Healthier lipid formulation approaches in meat-based functional foods. Technological options for replacement of meat fats by non-meat fats/ F. Jimenez-Colmenero // Trends in Food Science and Technology. — 2007. — V. 18. — P. 567–578.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jimenez-Colmenero, F. Healthier lipid formulation approaches in meat-based functional foods. Technological options for replacement of meat fats by non-meat fats/ F. Jimenez-Colmenero // Trends in Food Science and Technology. — 2007. — V. 18. — P. 567–578.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Causey, J.L. Effects of dietary inulin on serum lipids, blood glucose and the gastrointestinal environment in hypercholesterolemic men / J.L. Causey, J.M. Feirtag, D.D. Gallaher, B.C. Tungland, J.L. Slavin // Nutrition Research. — 2000. — V. 20. — № 2. — P. 191–201.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Causey, J.L. Effects of dietary inulin on serum lipids, blood glucose and the gastrointestinal environment in hypercholesterolemic men / J.L. Causey, J.M. Feirtag, D.D. Gallaher, B.C. Tungland, J.L. Slavin // Nutrition Research. — 2000. — V. 20. — № 2. — P. 191–201.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holzapfel, W.H. Introduction to pre- and probiotics / W. H. Holzapfel, U. Schillinger // Food Research International. — 2002. — V. 35. — P. 109–116.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holzapfel, W.H. Introduction to pre- and probiotics / W. H. Holzapfel, U. Schillinger // Food Research International. — 2002. — V. 35. — P. 109–116.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lopez-Molina, D. Molecular properties and probiotic effect of inulin obtained from artichoke (Cynara scolymus L. ) / D. Lopez-Molina, M.D. Navarro-Martinez, F.R. Melgarejo, A.N.P. Hiner, S. Chazarra, J.N. Rodriguez- Lopez // Phytochemistry. — 2005. — Vol. 66. — P. 1476–1484.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lopez-Molina, D. Molecular properties and probiotic effect of inulin obtained from artichoke (Cynara scolymus L. ) / D. Lopez-Molina, M.D. Navarro-Martinez, F.R. Melgarejo, A.N.P. Hiner, S. Chazarra, J.N. Rodriguez- Lopez // Phytochemistry. — 2005. — Vol. 66. — P. 1476–1484.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arihara, K. Strategies for designing novel functional meat products / K. Arihara // Meat Science. — 2006. — V. 74. — P. 219– 229.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arihara, K. Strategies for designing novel functional meat products / K. Arihara // Meat Science. — 2006. — V. 74. — P. 219– 229.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasilev, D. Qualität und Mikroflora von funktionellen Rohwürsten, Untersuchung von Würsten, die mit KCl und CaCl2 als Kochsalz-Ersatzstoffe hergestellt und mit dem Probiotikum L. Casei LC01 sowieeinem Präbiotikum angereichertwordensind / D. Vasilev, M. Jovetic, D. Vranic, V. Tomovic, M. Jokanovic, M. Dimitrijevic, N. Karabasil, N. Vasiljević //Fleischwirtschaft. — 2016. — V. 96. — № 2. — P. 96–102.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasilev, D. Qualität und Mikroflora von funktionellen Rohwürsten, Untersuchung von Würsten, die mit KCl und CaCl2 als Kochsalz-Ersatzstoffe hergestellt und mit dem Probiotikum L. Casei LC01 sowieeinem Präbiotikum angereichertwordensind / D. Vasilev, M. Jovetic, D. Vranic, V. Tomovic, M. Jokanovic, M. Dimitrijevic, N. Karabasil, N. Vasiljević //Fleischwirtschaft. — 2016. — V. 96. — № 2. — P. 96–102.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaltovich I.V., Dymar O.V. New meat products with immunomodulatory effect creation method. Theory and practice of meat processing. 2016;1(4):28–42. DOI:10. 21323/2414-438X-2016–1-4-28-42</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaltovich I.V., Dymar O.V. New meat products with immunomodulatory effect creation method. Theory and practice of meat processing. 2016;1(4):28–42. DOI:10. 21323/2414-438X-2016–1-4-28-42</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Henderikx F. Labeling of food: a challenge for many // Veterinarski Glasnik, online first edition, DOI: 10. 2298/VETGL170214001H — [electronic resource]. — 2017. — access mode: https://doi. org/10.2298/VETGL170214001H</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Henderikx F. Labeling of food: a challenge for many // Veterinarski Glasnik, online first edition, DOI: 10. 2298/VETGL170214001H — [electronic resource]. — 2017. — access mode: https://doi. org/10.2298/VETGL170214001H</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li J. M. The functional and nutritional aspects of hydrocolloids in foods / J. M. Li, S. P. Nie // Food Hydrocolloids. — 2016. — V. 53. — P. 46–61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li J. M. The functional and nutritional aspects of hydrocolloids in foods / J. M. Li, S. P. Nie // Food Hydrocolloids. — 2016. — V. 53. — P. 46–61.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tobacman J. K. Review of harmful gastrointestinal effects of carrageenan in animal experiments // Environ Health Perspect. — 2001. — V. 109. — №10. — P. 983–994.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tobacman J. K. Review of harmful gastrointestinal effects of carrageenan in animal experiments // Environ Health Perspect. — 2001. — V. 109. — №10. — P. 983–994.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tetsuguchi M. Effects of curdlan and gellan gum on the surface structure of intestinal mucosa in rats / M. Tetsuguchi, S. Nomura, M. Katayama, Y. Sugawa-Katayama // J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. — 1997. — V. 43. — №5. — P. 515–27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tetsuguchi M. Effects of curdlan and gellan gum on the surface structure of intestinal mucosa in rats / M. Tetsuguchi, S. Nomura, M. Katayama, Y. Sugawa-Katayama // J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. — 1997. — V. 43. — №5. — P. 515–27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neburchilova N. F., Petrunina I. V. Principles of determination of value in use for meat and meat products based on quality indicators — the coefficients of consumer properties. Theory and practice of meat processing. 2016;1(3):81–95. DOI:10. 21323/2414-438X-2016-1-3-81-95</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neburchilova N. F., Petrunina I. V. Principles of determination of value in use for meat and meat products based on quality indicators — the coefficients of consumer properties. Theory and practice of meat processing. 2016;1(3):81–95. DOI:10. 21323/2414-438X-2016-1-3-81-95</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shoaib, M. Inulin: Properties, health benefits, and food applications/M. Shoaib, A. Shehzada, M. Omarc, A. Rakhaa, H. Razaa,H. Rizwan Sharif, A. Shakeela, A. Ansaria, S. Niazia // Carbohydrate Polymers. — 2016. — V. 147. — P. 444–454.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shoaib, M. Inulin: Properties, health benefits, and food applications/M. Shoaib, A. Shehzada, M. Omarc, A. Rakhaa, H. Razaa,H. Rizwan Sharif, A. Shakeela, A. Ansaria, S. Niazia // Carbohydrate Polymers. — 2016. — V. 147. — P. 444–454.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roberfroid, M. Functional food concept and its application to prebiotics / M. Roberfroid // Digestive and Liver Disease. — 2002. — V. 34. — № Suppl. 2. — S. 105–110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roberfroid, M. Functional food concept and its application to prebiotics / M. Roberfroid // Digestive and Liver Disease. — 2002. — V. 34. — № Suppl. 2. — S. 105–110.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rao, V.A. The prebiotic properties of oligofructose at low intake levels / V. A. Rao // Nutrition Research. — 2001. — V. 21. — № 6. — P. 843–848.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rao, V.A. The prebiotic properties of oligofructose at low intake levels / V. A. Rao // Nutrition Research. — 2001. — V. 21. — № 6. — P. 843–848.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jackson, K.G. The effect of the daily intake of inulin on fasting lipid, insulin and glucose concentrations in middle-aged men and women / K.G. Jackson, G.R.J. Taylor, A.M. Clohessy, C. MWilliams //British Journal of Nutrition. — 1999. — V. 82. — № 1. — P. 23–30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jackson, K.G. The effect of the daily intake of inulin on fasting lipid, insulin and glucose concentrations in middle-aged men and women / K.G. Jackson, G.R.J. Taylor, A.M. Clohessy, C. MWilliams //British Journal of Nutrition. — 1999. — V. 82. — № 1. — P. 23–30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nitsch, P. Sensorische Qualität bleibterhalten / P. Nitsch //Fleischwirtschaft. — 2006. — V. 86. — № 11. — P. 41–46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nitsch, P. Sensorische Qualität bleibterhalten / P. Nitsch //Fleischwirtschaft. — 2006. — V. 86. — № 11. — P. 41–46.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bonnema, A.L. Gastrointestinal tolerance of chicory inulin products / A.L. Bonnema, L.W. Kolberg, W. Thomas, J.L. Slavin // Journal of the American Dietetic Association. — 2010. — V. 110. — № 6. — P. 865–868.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bonnema, A.L. Gastrointestinal tolerance of chicory inulin products / A.L. Bonnema, L.W. Kolberg, W. Thomas, J.L. Slavin // Journal of the American Dietetic Association. — 2010. — V. 110. — № 6. — P. 865–868.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ripoll, C. Gastrointestinal tolerance to an inulin-rich soluble roasted chicory extract after consumption in healthy subjects / C. Ripoll, B. Flourie, S. Megnien, O. Hermand, M. Janssens // Nutrition. — 2010. — V. 26. — № 7–8. — P. 799–803.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ripoll, C. Gastrointestinal tolerance to an inulin-rich soluble roasted chicory extract after consumption in healthy subjects / C. Ripoll, B. Flourie, S. Megnien, O. Hermand, M. Janssens // Nutrition. — 2010. — V. 26. — № 7–8. — P. 799–803.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mendoza, E. Inulin as fat substitute in low fat, dry fermented sausages / E. Mendoza, M.L. Garcia, C. Casas, M.D. Selgas // Meat Science. — 2001. — Vol. 57. — № 4. — P. 387–393.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mendoza, E. Inulin as fat substitute in low fat, dry fermented sausages / E. Mendoza, M.L. Garcia, C. Casas, M.D. Selgas // Meat Science. — 2001. — Vol. 57. — № 4. — P. 387–393.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Modzelewska-Kapitula, M. Investigation of the potential for using inulin HPX as a fat replacer in yogurt production / M. Modzelewska- Kapitula, L. Klebukowska // International Journal of Dairy Technology. — 2009. — V. 62. — № 2. — P. 209–214.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Modzelewska-Kapitula, M. Investigation of the potential for using inulin HPX as a fat replacer in yogurt production / M. Modzelewska- Kapitula, L. Klebukowska // International Journal of Dairy Technology. — 2009. — V. 62. — № 2. — P. 209–214.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Janvary, L. Ballaststoff als Fettersatz, Mit Inulin werden Wurst und Fleischwaren fit für den Wellnesstrend / L. Jànvàry // Fleischwirtschaft. — 2005. — V. 85. — № 2. — P. 22–23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Janvary, L. Ballaststoff als Fettersatz, Mit Inulin werden Wurst und Fleischwaren fit für den Wellnesstrend / L. Jànvàry // Fleischwirtschaft. — 2005. — V. 85. — № 2. — P. 22–23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kalyani Nair, K. Inulin dietary fiber with functional and health attributes — a review/K. Kalyani Nair, S. Kharb, D. K. Thompkinson // Food Reviews International. — 2010. — V. 26. — № 2. — P. 189–203.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalyani Nair, K. Inulin dietary fiber with functional and health attributes — a review/K. Kalyani Nair, S. Kharb, D. K. Thompkinson // Food Reviews International. — 2010. — V. 26. — № 2. — P. 189–203.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Imeson A. Food stabilisers, thickeners and gelling agents. Oxford, UK; Blackwell – 2010. — Publishing Ltd.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Imeson A. Food stabilisers, thickeners and gelling agents. Oxford, UK; Blackwell – 2010. — Publishing Ltd.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Janvary, L. Fleischerzeugnisse mit Mehrwert/L. Jànvàry // Fleischwirtschaft. — 2006. — V. 86. — № 11. — P. 51–54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Janvary, L. Fleischerzeugnisse mit Mehrwert/L. Jànvàry // Fleischwirtschaft. — 2006. — V. 86. — № 11. — P. 51–54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Müller, W. D. Funktionelle Fleischerzeugnisse — Rohwürste //Mitteilungsblatt der Fleischforschung Kulmbach. — 2006. — V. 45. — P. 185–191.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Müller, W. D. Funktionelle Fleischerzeugnisse — Rohwürste //Mitteilungsblatt der Fleischforschung Kulmbach. — 2006. — V. 45. — P. 185–191.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasilev, D. Some quality parameters of functional fermented, cooked and liver sausages/ D. Vasilev, I. Vukovic, S. Saicic // Meat Technology. — 2011. — V. 52. — № 1. — P. 141–153.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasilev, D. Some quality parameters of functional fermented, cooked and liver sausages/ D. Vasilev, I. Vukovic, S. Saicic // Meat Technology. — 2011. — V. 52. — № 1. — P. 141–153.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasilev, D. Some important physical, physico-chemical and sensory properties of functional fermented sausages / D. Vasilev, I. Vukovic, V. Tomovic, M. Jokanovic, N. Vasiljevic, M. Milanovic-Stevanovic, M. Tubic // Meat Technology. — 2009. — V. 50. — № 5–6. — P. 342–350.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasilev, D. Some important physical, physico-chemical and sensory properties of functional fermented sausages / D. Vasilev, I. Vukovic, V. Tomovic, M. Jokanovic, N. Vasiljevic, M. Milanovic-Stevanovic, M. Tubic // Meat Technology. — 2009. — V. 50. — № 5–6. — P. 342–350.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leistner, L. Allgemeines über Rohwurst/ L. Leistner // Fleischwirtschaft. — 1986. — V. 66. — № 3. — P. 290–300.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leistner, L. Allgemeines über Rohwurst/ L. Leistner // Fleischwirtschaft. — 1986. — V. 66. — № 3. — P. 290–300.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muguerza, E. Effect of fat level and partial replacement of pork backfat with olive oil on processing and quality characteristics of fermented sausages / E. Muguerza, G. Fista, D. Ansorena, I. Astiasaran, J. G. Bloukas // Meat Science. — 2002. — V. 61. — № 4. — P. 397–404.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muguerza, E. Effect of fat level and partial replacement of pork backfat with olive oil on processing and quality characteristics of fermented sausages / E. Muguerza, G. Fista, D. Ansorena, I. Astiasaran, J. G. Bloukas // Meat Science. — 2002. — V. 61. — № 4. — P. 397–404.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasilev, D. The composition and significant changes in fats of functional fermented sausage / D. Vasilev, I. Vukovic, S. Saicic, N. Vasiljevic, M. Milanovic-Stevanovic, M. Tubic // Meat Technology. — 2010. — V. 51. — № 1. — P. 27–35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasilev, D. The composition and significant changes in fats of functional fermented sausage / D. Vasilev, I. Vukovic, S. Saicic, N. Vasiljevic, M. Milanovic-Stevanovic, M. Tubic // Meat Technology. — 2010. — V. 51. — № 1. — P. 27–35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pennacchia, C. Potential probiotic Lactobacillus strains from fermented sausages: Further investigations on their probiotic properties / C. Pennacchia, E.E. Vaughan, F. Villani // Meat Science. — 2006. — V. 73. — № 1. — P. 90–101.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pennacchia, C. Potential probiotic Lactobacillus strains from fermented sausages: Further investigations on their probiotic properties / C. Pennacchia, E.E. Vaughan, F. Villani // Meat Science. — 2006. — V. 73. — № 1. — P. 90–101.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smits G., Daenekindt L., Booten K. Fraktionierte, polydisperse Zusammensetzungen, Patent DE69512071T2 // Google Patents — [Electronic resource]. — 2000. — access mode: http://google. com/patents/DE69512071T2?cl=tr</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smits G., Daenekindt L., Booten K. Fraktionierte, polydisperse Zusammensetzungen, Patent DE69512071T2 // Google Patents — [Electronic resource]. — 2000. — access mode: http://google. com/patents/DE69512071T2?cl=tr</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohan A. Basics of sausage making, Formulation, Processing and safety // UGA Extension Bulletin 1437. University of Georgia and Fort Valley State University, the U. S. — 2014. — P. 5–8. Available from: http://efsonline. uga. edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Basics-of-Sausage-Making. pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohan A. Basics of sausage making, Formulation, Processing and safety // UGA Extension Bulletin 1437. University of Georgia and Fort Valley State University, the U. S. — 2014. — P. 5–8. Available from: http://efsonline. uga. edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Basics-of-Sausage-Making. pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Keenan, D.F. Modelling the influence of inulin as a fat substitute in comminuted meat products on their physico-chemical characteristics and eating quality using a mixture design approach / D.F. Keenan, V.C. Resconi, J.P. Kerry, R.M. Hamill // Meat Science. — 2014. — V. 96. — № 3. — P. 1384–1394.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Keenan, D.F. Modelling the influence of inulin as a fat substitute in comminuted meat products on their physico-chemical characteristics and eating quality using a mixture design approach / D.F. Keenan, V.C. Resconi, J.P. Kerry, R.M. Hamill // Meat Science. — 2014. — V. 96. — № 3. — P. 1384–1394.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Honikel K. O., Hamm R. Measurement of water-holding capacity and juiciness. In Pearson A. M., Dutson T. R. (Eds. ). Quality attributes and their measurement in meat, poultry and fish products. London: Chapman &amp; Hall. — 1994. — P. 125–161.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Honikel K. O., Hamm R. Measurement of water-holding capacity and juiciness. In Pearson A. M., Dutson T. R. (Eds. ). Quality attributes and their measurement in meat, poultry and fish products. London: Chapman &amp; Hall. — 1994. — P. 125–161.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Álvarez, D. Effect of inulin, β-Glucan and their mixtures on emulsion stability, color and textural parameters of cooked meat batters/ D. Álvarez, S. Barbut // Meat Science. — 2013. — V. 94. — № 3. — P. 320–327.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Álvarez, D. Effect of inulin, β-Glucan and their mixtures on emulsion stability, color and textural parameters of cooked meat batters/ D. Álvarez, S. Barbut // Meat Science. — 2013. — V. 94. — № 3. — P. 320–327.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
