meatTheory and practice of meat processingТеория и практика переработки мяса2414-438X2414-441XФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр пищевых систем им. В.М. Горбатова» РАН10.21323/2414-438X-2025-10-4-338-350meat-528Research ArticleСтатьиComparative proteomic study of muscle tissue of wild boars and domestic pig breeds.https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4298-0927ChernukhaI. M.

Irina M. Chernukha, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Academician of RAS, Principal Researcher, Experimental Clinic-Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances of an Animal Origin

imcher@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6519-8247KovalevL. I.

Leonid I. Kovalev, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Structural Protein Biochemistry

kovalyov@inbi.ras.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9786-4400MarkovN. I.

Nikolay I. Markov, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Ecology of Game Animals

nimarkov@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1864-8115KotenkovaE. A.

Elena A. Kotenkova, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Researcher, Laboratory of Nanobiotechnologies

lazovlena92@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4752-3939VasilevskayaE. R.

Ekaterina R. Vasilevskaya, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Researcher, Experimental Clinic-Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances of an Animal Origin

e.vasilevskaya@fncps.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4544-4433SpirinaM. E.

Maria E. Spirina, Engineer Researcher, Experimental Clinic-Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances of Animal Origin

m.spirina@fncps.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2719-9649PolishchukE. K.

Ekaterina K. Polishchuk, Junior Researcher, Experimental Clinic-Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances of an Animal Origin

e.politchuk@fncps.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3573-930XFedulovaL. V.

Liliya V. Fedulova, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Experimental Clinic-Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances of an Animal Origin

l.fedulova@fncps.ruV.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food SystemsRussian FederationFederal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationInstitute of Plant and Animal Ecology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationMoscow Institute of Physics and TechnologyRussian Federation202514012026104338350Copyright © Chernukha I.M., Kovalev L.I., Markov N.I., Kotenkova E.A., Vasilevskaya E.R., Spirina M.E., Polishchuk E.K., Fedulova L.V., 20262026Chernukha I.M., Kovalev L.I., Markov N.I., Kotenkova E.A., Vasilevskaya E.R., Spirina M.E., Polishchuk E.K., Fedulova L.V.Chernukha I.M., Kovalev L.I., Markov N.I., Kotenkova E.A., Vasilevskaya E.R., Spirina M.E., Polishchuk E.K., Fedulova L.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.meatjournal.ru/jour/article/view/528

In the modern conditions, there is a growing consumer interest in products from local (autochthonous) breeds of animals raised in extensive animal husbandry systems. Meat of such animals is often associated with high quality characteristics; however, its molecular foundations remain to be studied insufficiently. Comparative analysis of proteomic profiles of such breeds and their wild ancestor — wild boar — is of particular interest for understanding the fundamental consequences of domestication and selection as well as for revealing key marker proteins determining meat product properties. A comparative proteomic analysis of muscle tissue (M. longissimus dorsi) of wild boar and four pig breeds (Livny breed, Altai meat-type breed, Landrace, Mangalitsa) was carried out to reveal breed-specific molecular patterns associated with key meat quality characteristics. Proteomic profile was studied by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF). Functional analysis of protein-protein interactions and gene ontology (GO) enrichment were carried out using the STRING database. Twenty one proteins forming a functionally linked network were identified. Significant breed related differences in the composition and modifications of proteins of the contractile apparatus (products of MYL1, MYL2, MYL3, MYL6B, TNNT3, TNNI2 genes), energy metabolism (products of ENO3, ALDOA, CKM, AK1, ATP5F1A genes) and stress response (products of CRYAB, HSPB6 genes) were revealed. The highest degree of proteome transformation was noticed in the Livny breed, which demonstrated a significant similarity with wild boar in terms of several parameters including appearance of atypical myosin light chain MYL6B and a decrease in the level of muscle enolase (products of ENO3 gene). For Mangalitsa, a unique modification of the pattern of expression of myosin light chains and a significant increase in the level of small chaperons were characteristic, which correlates with the conditions of its free-range keeping. Bioinformatics analysis in STRING corroborated statistically significant formation of functional clusters responsible for muscle contraction, metabolism and maintenance of proteostasis. The data obtained suggest that both gene pool (breed) and environmental factors (keeping conditions) exert a complex effect on the proteomic landscape. The revealed protein signatures and their network interactions not only deepen the understanding of the biological foundations of meat quality but also open new prospects for the development of molecular markers in breeding and meat industry aimed at production of products with target properties.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.